Introduction Incidental pulmonary nodules (IPNs) are commonly encountered on chest radiographs (CXRs) performed for routine clinical indications and may represent early manifestations of significant ...

Abstract: Currently, deep learning technology has become a crucial branch of artificial intelligence, particularly in consumer electronics, where it brings numerous innovative applications through ...

Abstract: The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most extensively studied problems in the combinatorial optimization area and still presents unsolved challenges due to its NP-hard ...