Polarized light is one of the most powerful tools scientists have for peering inside matter, yet the way it twists, scatters and transforms inside real-world materials has long been treated as a black ...

Modern artificial intelligence models have an environmental impact, especially when it comes to image generation. But as demand for these models grows, UCLA engineering professor Aydogan Ozcan and his ...

In polarization analysis, the real structure of a retarder sample may consist of multiple layers or a continuous, nonlayered structure (left). Conventional approaches typically model the sample as a ...

Today’s popular chatbots and image generators have a severe downside for the environment. These examples of generative artificial intelligence leave a substantial carbon footprint due to outsized ...

Imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry delivers nanometer-level sensitivity and spatial resolution, addressing the limitations of conventional metrology techniques.