Explore the modular blockchain thesis and how separating consensus, execution, data availability, and settlement boosts scalability.

Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency that has captured global attention, conceals a multifaceted framework called the Bitcoin Protocol Stack beneath its digital facade. In this enlightening article, ...

In this guide, you’ll understand what Bitcoin Layer-2 Finance means, how it works, and why it matters for the future of Bitcoin.

Danksharding and proto-danksharding are critical components in upgrading the Ethereum consensus layer. These technologies aim to enhance Ethereum’s scalability and efficiency, particularly in the ...

As the world edges closer to a decentralized digital future, the importance of foundational blockchain structures, especially Layer 1 protocols, cannot be overstated. These protocols determine the ...

Base is designed to house Coinbase’s on-chain products and provide an open ecosystem for dapps, onboarding “billions of users.” ...

As blockchain technology advances, the quest for scalable solutions becomes increasingly critical. Traditional blockchains, often referred to as Layer 1 networks, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, have ...

Google Cloud is developing GCUL (Google Cloud Universal Ledger), a new permissioned layer-1 blockchain aimed at global finance. Unlike Stripe’s Tempo (merchants) or Circle’s Arc (USDC-focused), GCUL ...

The rapid expansion of the cryptocurrency market has intensified security threats due to inherent technical complexities. While existing literature explores consensus mechanisms and specific defense ...

Michael Saylor says Solana will power programmable digital credit, while Bitcoin remains the base layer for digital capital.