US scientists have applied bandgap gradient to a cadmium telluride PV cell for the first time. The result is an improvement of its efficiency and open-circuit voltage, and lower non-radiative ...

Cell migration is stimulated and directed by the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix, neighboring cells or chemoattractants and is key to processes such as development and metastasis.

The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...