What is the chemical composition of the Earth’s interior? Because it is impossible to drill more than about ten kilometres deep into the Earth, volcanic rocks formed by melting Earth’s deep interior ...

Earth’s surface environment hosts large reservoirs of hydrogen (H, mainly in the form of water, H2O), nitrogen (in atmospheric N2) and carbon (mainly in carbonate rocks). H, N and C are sometimes ...

Geophysicists at ETH Zurich are using models of the lower mantle to identify areas where earthquake waves behave differently than previously assumed. This indicates the presence of zones of rocks that ...

Deep below Earth's surface lie two gigantic structures with mysterious origins. Now, seismologists have found new clues about their composition that could upend our understanding of the whole planet's ...

While Earth's core consists mostly of iron, its density implies that lighter elements are also mixed in. Because hydrogen is ...

A schematic diagram for the three constituent parts of Earth system science and their functional elements A schematic diagram for the behavior of physical, chemical and biological interactions within ...

The Earth has a shell-like structure. It is divided into a core (inner and outer core), a mantle (lower and upper mantle, separated by a transition zone), and the earth's crust. You are free to share ...